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金屬切削液(MWF)健康危害簡介及視頻

今天給大家送來金屬切削液(MWF)健康危害的簡介,大家一定要注意金屬切削液(MWF)形成的液滴和純礦物油(只是金屬切削液的一種)形成的油霧(Oil mist)的區(qū)別,現(xiàn)在機加工行業(yè)(如CNC)用純礦物油作為金屬切削液已經(jīng)很少了。

 

一、 機械加工過程中金屬加工液(MWF)的作用:

  • Provide lubricity to cool the tool-workpiece interface 潤滑

  • Reduce extensive tool wear 減少磨損

  • Flush metal swarfs and fines (chips) 清除廢屑

  • Prevent potential welding of swarfs and chips to tool and workpiece surfaces 防止廢屑粘連

  • Facilitate formation of desirable surface finishes on metal parts. 有助加工件的成形

 

二、機械加工過程中金屬加工液(MWF)的種類

  • Straight oils- mineral, vegetable or animal oils without water 油類 植物或動物油,不含水

  • Soluble oils- 30~85% naphthenic or paraffinic oil with emulsifier / additives 乳化油類- 30-85%環(huán)烷或石蠟油,添加乳化劑/添加劑

  • Semisynthetic fluids- 5~20% mineral oil emulsified in water 半合成液體 – 5-20%礦物油,在水中乳化

  • Synthetic fluids- no mineral oil content; mixture of organics/ additives and 70~95% water 合成液體 – 無礦物油成分,由有機物/添加劑和70-95%的水組成

     

三、健康危害

  • MWF aerosols within the respirable range are of primary importance.       呼吸性氣溶膠危害較大

  • These particles can penetrate to the lower regions of the lungs.    可進入肺深部

  • Larger particles may lodge in the nasopharynx and contribute to upper respiratory system irritation and throat and eye irritation, and foster complaints of nuisance odors. 較大顆粒在上呼吸道停留,導致鼻咽喉/眼部刺激 

  • The most common complaint or illness associated with MWF is dermatitis. (skin contact) 接觸性皮炎(皮膚刺激、疹子和油痤瘡)常見

  • Respiratory effects fall into three main categories:  呼吸系統(tǒng)損害

    - upper respiratory irritation, 上呼吸道刺激

    - asthma, and 哮喘

    - hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) 過敏性肺炎

     

四、健康危害來源

The inhalation hazards of MWF are caused by exposure to three agents: 危害來自

 the neat or diluted MWF 加工液本身

microbial contaminants, and 微生物污染

 other chemical contaminants of the fluids 其他液體污染

 

五、MWF的接觸限值

NIOSH 1998 REL 

  • 0.4 mg/m3 of thoracic particulate mass is “intended to prevent the diverse respiratory effects associated with MWF exposure” 0.4 mg/m3 胸腔性顆粒

  • Approximately 0.5 mg/m3 for total particulate 相當于0.5 mg/m3 總顆粒

  • For all types of MWF 適用于全部加工液

 

六、監(jiān)測方法

  • NIOSH 5524 - MWF (合成或半合成乳化液)

    - Thoracic particulate (thoracic cyclone) or Total particulate

       approach 胸腔性顆粒, 或總顆粒

    - Chemical extraction and Gravimetry 化學抽提后重量分析法

     

  • NIOSH 5026 mineral oil 純礦物油(MWF的一種,機加工行業(yè)已經(jīng)很少使用)

    -  Total particulates 總顆粒物

    -  Infrared spectrophotometry   紅外分光光度法

    -  Fraction that is soluble in carbon tetrachloride 溶于四氯化碳的 

        進行定量


七、控制策略

  • Safety and Health Training 安全和健康培訓

  • Worksite Analysis  現(xiàn)場檢測

  • Fluid management  液體管理

  • Engineering controls   工程控制

  • Medical monitoring  醫(yī)學健康監(jiān)護

 

 

另附有金屬切削液簡介視頻,中英文字幕由粉塵字幕組的jcheart妹子聽譯,如果有打賞,小編將全部轉(zhuǎn)交給她。如下: